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  • Regional Parameters and Frequency Plan

Regional Parameters and Frequency Plan

Regional Parameters

LPWAN operates in an unlicensed frequency spectrum in sub-gigahertz range. Although it is unlicensed which means the user doesn't have to apply for permission to transmit and pay huge license fees, it is still regulated and everyone needs to follow the rules imposed by the radio communication authorities of the given country where the device operates. Because unlicensed spectrum is a common good, following the rules ensures that no single entity will prohibit others from accessing it. Another example of an unlicensed spectrum is 2.4GHz and 5GHz used by WiFi, Bluetooth and many other protocols. LPWAN prefers using sub-gigahertz frequencies because it allows for communication over longer distances but because of this longer propagation, the regulations are stricter than short range communication bands. To make things even more complicated different authorities impose different rules, and allocate different bands depending on the region. To help all LPWAN adopters to navigate this complicated labyrinth of rules, a common framework has been developed by the Lora Alliance and is published in a document called the Regional Parameters available on their website.

MXC Supernode servers are designed and configured to comply with the Regional Parameters guidelines, nonetheless they don't define all aspects LPWAN communication and still leave some freedom to network server operators in regards to the specific channel bands, number of channels and other parameters. For example US902-928 region specification used in USA and other regions respecting FCC authority defines 64 possible frequencies channels that can be used by devices but most of existing LPWAN Gateways can only use 8 or 16 of those channels and it is up to the network operator to chose which one to use.

Frequency Plans

Based on Regional Parameters MXC defines the following, default Frequency Plans for the Super Nodes:

EU863-870

Uplink

ChannelFrequencyData Rate
0868.1 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
1868.3 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
2868.5 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
3868.8 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
4864.7 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
5864.9 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
6865.1 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
7865.3 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
8868.3 MHzSF7BW250
9868.8 MHzFSK

Downlink

  1. Uplink channels 0-9 (RX1)
  2. 869.525 - SF9BW125 (RX2 downlink only)

Note: Some gateways that use LBT (Listen Before Talk) can listen only to 8 downlink channels. In case the RX2 window 869.525 MHz is being used, this frequency needs to be included in the LBT configuration, and one of the channels from 0 to 7 has to be sacrificed or used as uplink only.

US902-928

Uplink

US902-928 uplink channels are defined as follows:

Upstream – 64 channels numbered 0 to 63 utilizing LoRa 125 kHz BW varying from DR0 to DR3, using coding rate 4/5, starting at 902.3 MHz and incrementing linearly by 200 kHz to 914.9 MHz
Upstream – 8 channels numbered 64 to 71 utilizing LoRa 500 kHz BW at DR4 starting at 903.0 MHz and incrementing linearly by 1.6 MHz to 914.2 MHz

In case of 8 channel gateways these frequencies are used by default:

ChannelFrequencyData Rate
8903.9 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
9904.1 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
10904.3 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
11904.5 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
12904.7 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
13904.9 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
14905.1 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
15905.3 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
65904.6 MHzSF8BW500

Dowlink

ChannelFrequencyData Rate
0923.3 MHzSF7BW500 to SF12BW500
1923.9 MHzSF7BW500 to SF12BW500
2924.5 MHzSF7BW500 to SF12BW500
3925.1 MHzSF7BW500 to SF12BW500
4925.7 MHzSF7BW500 to SF12BW500
5926.3 MHzSF7BW500 to SF12BW500
6926.9 MHzSF7BW500 to SF12BW500
7927.5 MHzSF7BW500 to SF12BW500

CN470-510

Uplink

CN470-510 uplink channels are defined as follows:

Upstream – 96 channels numbered 0 to 95 utilizing LoRa 125 kHz BW varying from 1026 DR0 to DR5, using coding rate 4/5, starting at 470.3 MHz and incrementing linearly 1027 by 200 kHz to 489.3 MHz.

By default the following uplink channels are used by the Super Node:

ChannelFrequencyData Rate
0470.3 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
1470.5 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
2470.7 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
3470.9 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
4471.1 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
5471.3 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
6471.5 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
7471.7 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
471.4 MHzSF7BW500
471.9 MHzFSK

Downlink

The downlink frequency channel is defined as a function of uplink channel used in the following way:

RX1 Channel Number = Uplink Channel Number modulo 48, for example, when transmitting channel number is 49, the rx1 channel number is 1.
The RX2 (second receive window) settings uses a fixed data rate and frequency. Default parameters are 505.3 MHz / DR0 (SF12BW125).

Where the downlink channels are definde as:

Downstream – 48 channels numbered 0 to 47 utilizing LoRa 125 kHz BW varying from DR0 to DR5, using coding rate 4/5, starting at 500.3 MHz and incrementing linearly by 200 kHz to 509.7 MHz

AU915-928

Uplink

AU915-928 uplink channels are defined as follows:

Upstream – Upstream – 64 channels numbered 0 to 63 utilizing LoRa 125 kHz BW varying from DR0 to DR5, using coding rate 4/5, starting at 915.2 MHz and incrementing linearly by 200 kHz to 927.8 MHz
Upstream – 8 channels numbered 64 to 71 utilizing LoRa 500 kHz BW at DR6 starting at 915.9 MHz and incrementing linearly by 1.6 MHz to 927.1 MHz

In case of 8 channel gateways these frequencies are used by default:

ChannelFrequencyData Rate
8916.8 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
9917.0 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
10917.2 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
11917.4 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
12917.6 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
13917.8 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
14918.0 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
15918.2 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
65917.5 MHzSF8BW500

Dowlink

ChannelFrequencyData Rate
0923.3 MHzSF7BW500 to SF12BW500
1923.9 MHzSF7BW500 to SF12BW500
2924.5 MHzSF7BW500 to SF12BW500
3925.1 MHzSF7BW500 to SF12BW500
4925.7 MHzSF7BW500 to SF12BW500
5926.3 MHzSF7BW500 to SF12BW500
6926.9 MHzSF7BW500 to SF12BW500
7927.5 MHzSF7BW500 to SF12BW500
8923.3 MHzSF12BW500 (RX2)

AS923

Uplink

Default Channels:

ChannelFrequencyData Rate
0923.2 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
1923.4 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125

Extra Channels:

ChannelFrequencyData Rate
2922.2 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
3922.4 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
4922.6 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
5923.8 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
6923.0 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
7922.0 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
8922.1 MHzSF7BW250
9921.8 MHzFSK

Downlink

  1. Uplink channels 0-9 (RX1)
  2. 923.2 MHz / DR2 - SF10BW125 (RX2)

KR920-923

Uplink

Default Channels:

ChannelFrequencyData Rate
0922.1 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
1922.3 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
2922.5 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125

Extra Channels:

ChannelFrequencyData Rate
3922.7 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
4922.9 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
5923.1 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
6923.3 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125

Downlink

  1. Uplink channels 0-6 (RX1)
  2. 921.9 MHz / DR0 - SF12BW125 (RX2 downlink only)

IN865-867

Uplink

Default Channels:

ChannelFrequencyData Rate
0865.0625 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
1865.4025 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
2865.9850 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125

Extra Channels:

ChannelFrequencyData Rate
3865.6 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
4865.8 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
5966.2 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125
6966.4 MHzSF7BW125 to SF12BW125

Downlink

  1. Uplink channels 0-6 (RX1)
  2. 866.550 - SF10BW125 (RX2)
← How to Nominate on Polkadot
  • Regional Parameters
  • Frequency Plans
    • EU863-870
    • US902-928
    • CN470-510
    • AU915-928
    • AS923
    • KR920-923
    • IN865-867
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